Phytoplankton – the tiny Climate Heroes of the Ocean
New AI lighthouse project for Natural Climate Protection launched in the Baltic Sea
- Joint press release by the Ƶ Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and Kiel University -
Although phytoplankton in the ocean are tiny, they are of global importance: they account for only about 1-2 per cent of plant biomass, yet are responsible for nearly 40 per cent of global CO2 uptake through photosynthesis. The new project at Ƶ and CAU will use AI to determine the role of phytoplankton in climate protection more precisely and quickly. The project aims to improve our understanding of the ocean’s natural climate protection functions and to strengthen them. The project is funded with around 2.16 million euros as part of the initiative AI Lighthouses for the Environment, Climate, Nature and Resources. Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter, Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMUKN), presented the funding notification in Berlin today.
The KIMMCO project – short for KI-gesteuertes Monitoring mariner Mikroalgen als CO2-Senke, AI-based monitoring of marine microalgae as a CO2 sink – is embedded in the Action Programme for Natural Climate Protection (ANK), which was launched by the Federal Ministry for the Environment to protect ecosystems and to enhance their role as natural allies in climate protection.
Artificial intelligence meets climate protection
“Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and the CO2 storage capacity of phytoplankton is a key prerequisite for effective marine conservation,” says Prof. Dr Anja Engel, project leader and Professor of Biological Oceanography at the Ƶ Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
This is precisely where KIMMCO comes in. The researchers combine approaches at different scales – from in situ sensor measurements and microscopic camera systems to optical water properties and satellite-based remote sensing. AI applications analyse and integrate the collected data, providing a near real-time picture of phytoplankton productivity and species composition.
“With KIMMCO, our goal is to make large-scale measurements more efficient and accurate, while reducing resource usage and speeding up the process,” explains Prof. Dr Kevin Köser, Head of the Marine Data Science group at Kiel University. “This not only saves time and ship operations, but also aims to reduce the CO2 footprint of marine observation itself.”
A lighthouse for science and policy
The project will run until the end of 2027, first being tested in the Baltic Sea. Its aim is to generate new insights into the ocean’s natural climate protection function and make these available to policymakers. KIMMCO will contribute valuable data to international monitoring programmes and environmental indicators, including those employed under the European Water Framework Directive, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and within HELCOM.
The project will also include biodiversity and sustainability checks, comparing the new AI-based methods with classical techniques in terms of accuracy, resource use, and CO2 footprint.
About: Action Programme for Natural Climate Protection (ANK)
Through the ANK, the Federal Ministry for the Environment is enhancing the capacity of ecosystems, including forests, moors, rivers, lakes and seas, to act as natural climate protectors. Between 2024 and 2028, more than 3.5 billion euros will be made available for this purpose. AI Lighthouses for the Environment, Climate, Nature and Resources, of which KIMMCO is one, are a key part of the programme.
![[Translate to English:] Microalgae under the microscope, against a black background, are small rod-shaped, spherical and spiral white and yellow structures.](/fileadmin/_processed_/e/5/csm_PlanktonCommunity.AStuhr_dee920c58c.jpg)
A phytoplankton community under the microscope. Through photosynthesis, these tiny microalgae play a key role in absorbing CO₂ from the ocean.
Photo: Annegret Stuhr, Ƶ
![[Translate to English:] A man and a woman hold a large symbolic cheque in their hands.](/fileadmin/_processed_/3/csm_2025-09-24_KIMMCO_c__9dcf2227a0.jpg)
The AI project KIMMCO is funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMUKN) as part of the Natural Climate Protection Action Programme.
Photo: Ƶ
![[Translate to English:] [Translate to English:] Hände in grünen Handschuhen halten eine kleine Flasche mit hellgrüner Flüssigkeit](/fileadmin/_processed_/8/c/csm_2022-06_Phytoplankton-bunt-SKaehlert-0257_d34cba8468.jpg)
Phytoplankton species cultivated under laboratory conditions: Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and CO2 storage capacity is fundamental to effective marine conservation.
Photo: Sarah Uphoff

Project participants (from left to right): Tobias Steinhoff, Hermann Bange, Anne Hennke, Natascha Oppelt, Anja Engel, Olaf Landsiedel, Helmke Hepach, Ricarda Nielsen, Laura Harms, Frauke Pescheck, Felix Seegräber, Kevin Köser, Sandra Golde, Rainer Kiko
Photo: Frank Melzner, Ƶ